In simple terms, indexing is about describing records so they can be found, while retrieval is about accessing those records when needed. In records and archives management, indexing goes beyond filenames and folders. It involves assigning metadata, classification codes, or controlled terms that reflect the function, content, creator, and context of records. Retrieval systems then use this descriptive information to allow users such as records managers, auditors, administrators, or researchers to locate records efficiently. Every organisation depends on records;  they  document decisions, actions, and responsibilities. Yet the true value of these records is realised only when they can be located quickly, accurately, and reliably. Records that cannot be retrieved when needed may as well not exist. This reality places indexing and retrieval systems at the centre of effective records and archives management. Far from being purely technical tools, these systems shape how org...

In an era where information is produced at an unprecedented pace, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organising and managing this data has become indispensable . Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and perform tasks typically requiring human reasoning (Modiba, Makhubela & Ngoepe, 2023). AI encompasses technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and intelligent automation that are now being applied to information governance and records management processes. A Records Manager is a professional responsible for overseeing the creation, maintenance, use, and disposition of records within an organisation. Their primary role is to ensure that information assets are systematically managed in compliance with legal, regulatory, and operational requirements (Gama, 2024). As records grow in complexity and volume , especially in digital environments , AI is becoming ...